A federal judge’s strong words for the Trump administration highlight mounting impatience with ICE’s enforcement tactics. While federal courts continue to scrutinize mass deportation efforts, cases in Minnesota emphasize the tension over nationwide immigration policies.

Two federal courts recently heard arguments over President Donald Trump’s deployment of National Guard troops to address unrest near Immigration and Customs Enforcement facilities in Portland, Oregon, and Chicago. Early findings by a district court provided a glimpse of how the judiciary may interpret the administration’s actions.