Election officials across the country are on notice after the Department of Justice warned of possible criminal liability for allowing noncitizens to vote. Illinois authorities, saying they are “reviewing” the threat, have signaled that they are taking this federal message seriously.

An opinion letter challenges the notion that noncitizens are voting en masse, arguing there is no meaningful evidence to back such claims. Senator Ron Johnson’s support for fundamental election standards raises questions about federal oversight of voting, touched upon in President Trump’s controversial proposal.